Chromatin Dynamics Contribute to the Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of Virulence Genes in a Fungal Plant Pathogen.
Identifieur interne : 000198 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000197; suivant : 000199Chromatin Dynamics Contribute to the Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of Virulence Genes in a Fungal Plant Pathogen.
Auteurs : Lukas Meile [Suisse] ; Jules Peter [Suisse] ; Guido Puccetti [Suisse] ; Julien Alassimone [Suisse] ; Bruce A. Mcdonald [Suisse] ; Andrea Sánchez-Vallet [Espagne]Source :
- mBio [ 2150-7511 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Dynamic changes in transcription profiles are key for the success of pathogens in colonizing their hosts. In many pathogens, genes associated with virulence, such as effector genes, are located in regions of the genome that are rich in transposable elements and heterochromatin. The contribution of chromatin modifications to gene expression in pathogens remains largely unknown. Using a combination of a reporter gene-based approach and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show that the heterochromatic environment of effector genes in the fungal plant pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici is a key regulator of their specific spatiotemporal expression patterns. Enrichment in trimethylated lysine 27 of histone H3 dictates the repression of effector genes in the absence of the host. Chromatin decondensation during host colonization, featuring a reduction in this repressive modification, indicates a major role for epigenetics in effector gene induction. Our results illustrate that chromatin modifications triggered during host colonization determine the specific expression profile of effector genes at the cellular level and, hence, provide new insights into the regulation of virulence in fungal plant pathogens.IMPORTANCE Fungal plant pathogens possess a large repertoire of genes encoding putative effectors, which are crucial for infection. Many of these genes are expressed at low levels in the absence of the host but are strongly induced at specific stages of the infection. The mechanisms underlying this transcriptional reprogramming remain largely unknown. We investigated the role of the genomic environment and associated chromatin modifications of effector genes in controlling their expression pattern in the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici Depending on their genomic location, effector genes are epigenetically repressed in the absence of the host and during the initial stages of infection. Derepression of effector genes occurs mainly during and after penetration of plant leaves and is associated with changes in histone modifications. Our work demonstrates the role of chromatin in shaping the expression of virulence components and, thereby, the interaction between fungal pathogens and their plant hosts.
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02343-20
PubMed: 33024042
PubMed Central: PMC7542367
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Chromatin Dynamics Contribute to the Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of Virulence Genes in a Fungal Plant Pathogen.</title><author><name sortKey="Meile, Lukas" sort="Meile, Lukas" uniqKey="Meile L" first="Lukas" last="Meile">Lukas Meile</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peter, Jules" sort="Peter, Jules" uniqKey="Peter J" first="Jules" last="Peter">Jules Peter</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puccetti, Guido" sort="Puccetti, Guido" uniqKey="Puccetti G" first="Guido" last="Puccetti">Guido Puccetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alassimone, Julien" sort="Alassimone, Julien" uniqKey="Alassimone J" first="Julien" last="Alassimone">Julien Alassimone</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A" last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Vallet, Andrea" sort="Sanchez Vallet, Andrea" uniqKey="Sanchez Vallet A" first="Andrea" last="Sánchez-Vallet">Andrea Sánchez-Vallet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland andrea.sanchezv@upm.es.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33024042</idno><idno type="pmid">33024042</idno><idno type="doi">10.1128/mBio.02343-20</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7542367</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000075</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000075</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000075</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000075</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000075</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Chromatin Dynamics Contribute to the Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of Virulence Genes in a Fungal Plant Pathogen.</title><author><name sortKey="Meile, Lukas" sort="Meile, Lukas" uniqKey="Meile L" first="Lukas" last="Meile">Lukas Meile</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peter, Jules" sort="Peter, Jules" uniqKey="Peter J" first="Jules" last="Peter">Jules Peter</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puccetti, Guido" sort="Puccetti, Guido" uniqKey="Puccetti G" first="Guido" last="Puccetti">Guido Puccetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alassimone, Julien" sort="Alassimone, Julien" uniqKey="Alassimone J" first="Julien" last="Alassimone">Julien Alassimone</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A" last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Vallet, Andrea" sort="Sanchez Vallet, Andrea" uniqKey="Sanchez Vallet A" first="Andrea" last="Sánchez-Vallet">Andrea Sánchez-Vallet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland andrea.sanchezv@upm.es.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">mBio</title><idno type="eISSN">2150-7511</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Dynamic changes in transcription profiles are key for the success of pathogens in colonizing their hosts. In many pathogens, genes associated with virulence, such as effector genes, are located in regions of the genome that are rich in transposable elements and heterochromatin. The contribution of chromatin modifications to gene expression in pathogens remains largely unknown. Using a combination of a reporter gene-based approach and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show that the heterochromatic environment of effector genes in the fungal plant pathogen <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> is a key regulator of their specific spatiotemporal expression patterns. Enrichment in trimethylated lysine 27 of histone H3 dictates the repression of effector genes in the absence of the host. Chromatin decondensation during host colonization, featuring a reduction in this repressive modification, indicates a major role for epigenetics in effector gene induction. Our results illustrate that chromatin modifications triggered during host colonization determine the specific expression profile of effector genes at the cellular level and, hence, provide new insights into the regulation of virulence in fungal plant pathogens.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Fungal plant pathogens possess a large repertoire of genes encoding putative effectors, which are crucial for infection. Many of these genes are expressed at low levels in the absence of the host but are strongly induced at specific stages of the infection. The mechanisms underlying this transcriptional reprogramming remain largely unknown. We investigated the role of the genomic environment and associated chromatin modifications of effector genes in controlling their expression pattern in the fungal wheat pathogen <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Depending on their genomic location, effector genes are epigenetically repressed in the absence of the host and during the initial stages of infection. Derepression of effector genes occurs mainly during and after penetration of plant leaves and is associated with changes in histone modifications. Our work demonstrates the role of chromatin in shaping the expression of virulence components and, thereby, the interaction between fungal pathogens and their plant hosts.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33024042</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>14</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2150-7511</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>06</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>mBio</Title><ISOAbbreviation>mBio</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Chromatin Dynamics Contribute to the Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of Virulence Genes in a Fungal Plant Pathogen.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">e02343-20</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1128/mBio.02343-20</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Dynamic changes in transcription profiles are key for the success of pathogens in colonizing their hosts. In many pathogens, genes associated with virulence, such as effector genes, are located in regions of the genome that are rich in transposable elements and heterochromatin. The contribution of chromatin modifications to gene expression in pathogens remains largely unknown. Using a combination of a reporter gene-based approach and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show that the heterochromatic environment of effector genes in the fungal plant pathogen <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> is a key regulator of their specific spatiotemporal expression patterns. Enrichment in trimethylated lysine 27 of histone H3 dictates the repression of effector genes in the absence of the host. Chromatin decondensation during host colonization, featuring a reduction in this repressive modification, indicates a major role for epigenetics in effector gene induction. Our results illustrate that chromatin modifications triggered during host colonization determine the specific expression profile of effector genes at the cellular level and, hence, provide new insights into the regulation of virulence in fungal plant pathogens.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Fungal plant pathogens possess a large repertoire of genes encoding putative effectors, which are crucial for infection. Many of these genes are expressed at low levels in the absence of the host but are strongly induced at specific stages of the infection. The mechanisms underlying this transcriptional reprogramming remain largely unknown. We investigated the role of the genomic environment and associated chromatin modifications of effector genes in controlling their expression pattern in the fungal wheat pathogen <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Depending on their genomic location, effector genes are epigenetically repressed in the absence of the host and during the initial stages of infection. Derepression of effector genes occurs mainly during and after penetration of plant leaves and is associated with changes in histone modifications. Our work demonstrates the role of chromatin in shaping the expression of virulence components and, thereby, the interaction between fungal pathogens and their plant hosts.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Meile et al.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meile</LastName><ForeName>Lukas</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2680-3309</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peter</LastName><ForeName>Jules</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Puccetti</LastName><ForeName>Guido</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alassimone</LastName><ForeName>Julien</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McDonald</LastName><ForeName>Bruce A</ForeName><Initials>BA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5332-2172</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sánchez-Vallet</LastName><ForeName>Andrea</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3668-9503</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland andrea.sanchezv@upm.es.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>06</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>mBio</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101519231</NlmUniqueID></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">chromatin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">effector gene</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">filamentous fungi</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">histone methylation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">plant pathogens</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">reporter gene</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">virulence</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">wheat</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>43</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33024042</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">mBio.02343-20</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1128/mBio.02343-20</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7542367</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Fungal Genet Biol. 2015 Jun;79:3-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26092782</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Feb 28;48(4):1790-1799</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31819959</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2015 Dec;35:57-65</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26451981</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Plant Cell. 2018 Feb;30(2):300-323</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29371439</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Phytopathology. 2016 Jul;106(7):782-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27050574</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Plant Pathol. 2018 Jan;19(1):201-216</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27868326</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Sep 01;7(9):a025064</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26330523</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>BMC Biol. 2018 Jan 11;16(1):5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29325559</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Cell. 2007 Feb 23;128(4):707-19</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17320508</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(11):e1003007</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23209403</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Virulence. 2014;5(7):722-32</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25513773</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 3;9(1):9642</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31270361</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2018 Aug 25;56:21-40</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29768136</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2007 Dec;10(6):645-52</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17884714</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>BMC Biol. 2017 May 11;15(1):39</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28494759</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>mBio. 2016 Oct 18;7(5):</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27795389</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 23;108(34):14282-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21825172</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017 Dec;15(12):756-771</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28781365</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Plant Physiol. 2017 Apr;173(4):2383-2398</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28242654</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Microbiol. 2010 Aug;13(4):431-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20627806</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Fungal Genet Biol. 2017 Aug;105:16-27</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28579390</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Elife. 2018 Jan 03;7:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29297465</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS Genet. 2016 Jun 13;12(6):e1006108</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27294409</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Fungal Genet Biol. 2015 Jun;79:125-31</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26092799</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Plant Physiol. 2015 Mar;167(3):1158-85</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25596183</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Microbiol. 2014 Aug;20:19-26</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24835423</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2011 Apr;14(2):156-61</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21444239</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Fungal Genet Biol. 2015 Jun;79:17-23</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26092785</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Plant J. 2009 Dec;60(6):974-82</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19737363</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nat Commun. 2014 May 27;5:3883</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24861440</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Fungal Genet Biol. 2015 Jun;79:8-12</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26092783</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS Pathog. 2010 Feb 26;6(2):e1000784</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20195509</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Fungal Genet Biol. 2015 Jun;79:63-70</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25857259</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS Genet. 2019 Apr 22;15(4):e1008093</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31009462</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Biol Evol. 2013 Jun;30(6):1337-47</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23515261</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Fungal Genet Biol. 2015 Jun;79:29-32</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26092787</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nat Rev Genet. 2008 May;9(5):397-405</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18368054</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Trends Genet. 2017 Nov;33(11):842-851</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28800915</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>New Phytol. 2017 Apr;214(2):619-631</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28164301</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Fungal Genet Biol. 2015 Jun;79:118-24</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26092798</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2009 Feb;22(2):115-22</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19132864</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS Pathog. 2016 Nov 3;12(11):e1005920</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27812218</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2015 Jul 15;10(7):e0133085</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26177455</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Plant Pathol. 2020 Jan;21(1):124-138</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31702117</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Genetics. 2010 Sep;186(1):67-77</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20610411</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2016 Apr;37:90-100</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26855260</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Microbiol. 2011 Jul;81(2):415-33</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21623954</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Front Plant Sci. 2014 Nov 12;5:638</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25429296</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Microbiol. 2014 Apr;92(2):413-34</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24571357</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2019 Nov 1;43(6):591-607</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31301226</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>BMC Biol. 2018 Jul 16;16(1):78</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30012138</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS Genet. 2014 Mar 06;10(3):e1004227</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24603691</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Ecol Evol. 2018 Dec 26;9(1):275-294</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30680113</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>New Phytol. 2018 Aug;219(3):1048-1061</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29693722</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>New Phytol. 2019 May;222(3):1474-1492</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30663769</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Aug;31(15):3171-81</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21646424</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 May 08;10(6):417-30</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22565130</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Fungal Genet Biol. 2015 Jun;79:132-40</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26092800</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nat Rev Genet. 2007 Jan;8(1):35-46</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17173056</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Front Microbiol. 2017 Jan 09;7:2144</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28119673</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 May 1;29(9):e45</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11328886</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Plant Pathol. 2017 Oct;18(8):1113-1126</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27474899</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Plant Pathol. 2016 Aug;17(6):845-59</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26610174</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 2000 Jan 6;403(6765):41-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10638745</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>EMBO J. 2011 May 18;30(10):1885-95</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21527910</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2004;69:119-24</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16117640</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2002;40:251-85</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12147761</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2015;66:513-45</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25923844</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):393-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19741609</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>New Phytol. 2018 Jan;217(1):320-331</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28895153</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2015 Aug;26:51-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26116976</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>New Phytol. 2016 Apr;210(2):743-61</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26680733</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Front Plant Sci. 2015 Aug 06;6:573</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26300892</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Trends Microbiol. 2013 Nov;21(11):575-82</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24095304</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Trends Biochem Sci. 2000 Jan;25(1):15-9</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10637607</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 1997 Mar 6;386(6620):44-51</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9052779</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>New Phytol. 2019 Jul;223(2):590-596</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30851201</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Biol Evol. 2020 Jan 1;37(1):221-239</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31553475</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>BMC Genomics. 2017 Aug 29;18(1):667</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28851275</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Curr Genet. 2001 Jul;39(5-6):388-93</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11525415</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nat Methods. 2012 Jul;9(7):671-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22930834</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nat Commun. 2019 Apr 12;10(1):1713</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30979883</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nat Rev Genet. 2007 Dec;8(12):973-82</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17984973</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS Genet. 2013 Oct;9(10):e1003916</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24204317</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Microbiol. 2017 Sep 8;71:413-439</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28715960</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Genet. 2012;46:21-42</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22905872</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Phytopathology. 2002 Sep;92(9):946-55</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18944019</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Sep;95(6):1389-404</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22814413</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nat Genet. 2012 Sep;44(9):1060-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22885923</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Epigenetics Chromatin. 2015 Oct 01;8:41</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26430472</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Biochem. 2005;74:481-514</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15952895</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Canton de Zurich</li></region><settlement><li>Zurich</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Zurich"><name sortKey="Meile, Lukas" sort="Meile, Lukas" uniqKey="Meile L" first="Lukas" last="Meile">Lukas Meile</name></region><name sortKey="Alassimone, Julien" sort="Alassimone, Julien" uniqKey="Alassimone J" first="Julien" last="Alassimone">Julien Alassimone</name><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A" last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name><name sortKey="Peter, Jules" sort="Peter, Jules" uniqKey="Peter J" first="Jules" last="Peter">Jules Peter</name><name sortKey="Puccetti, Guido" sort="Puccetti, Guido" uniqKey="Puccetti G" first="Guido" last="Puccetti">Guido Puccetti</name></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Canton de Zurich"><name sortKey="Sanchez Vallet, Andrea" sort="Sanchez Vallet, Andrea" uniqKey="Sanchez Vallet A" first="Andrea" last="Sánchez-Vallet">Andrea Sánchez-Vallet</name></region><name sortKey="Sanchez Vallet, Andrea" sort="Sanchez Vallet, Andrea" uniqKey="Sanchez Vallet A" first="Andrea" last="Sánchez-Vallet">Andrea Sánchez-Vallet</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Bois/explor/PlantPathoEffV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000198 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000198 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Bois
|area= PlantPathoEffV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:33024042
|texte= Chromatin Dynamics Contribute to the Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of Virulence Genes in a Fungal Plant Pathogen.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:33024042" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a PlantPathoEffV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. |  |